Pandas Profiling Report

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	11
Number of observations	2241
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	192.7 KiB
Average record size in memory	88.1 B

Variable types

DateTime	1
Numeric	10

Alerts

`Open` is highly correlated with `High` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`High` is highly correlated with `Open` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Low` is highly correlated with `Open` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Close` is highly correlated with `Open` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Adj Close` is highly correlated with `Open` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`S_10` is highly correlated with `Open` and 4 other fields	High correlation
`Open-Close` is highly correlated with `Volume` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Open-Open` is highly correlated with `Volume` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Volume` is highly correlated with `Open-Close` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`Date` has unique values	Unique
`Corr` has unique values	Unique
`Open-Close` has 67 (3.0%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2022-11-10 10:44:51.126247
Analysis finished	2022-11-10 10:45:05.820639
Duration	14.69 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.4.0
Download configuration	config.json

Date
Date

UNIQUE

Distinct	2241
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Minimum	2013-12-04 00:00:00
Maximum	2022-10-27 00:00:00

Histogram

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Open
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1715
Distinct (%)	76.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	35.97147479

Minimum	13.94999981
Maximum	78.36000061
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	13.94999981
5-th percentile	16.23999977
Q1	25.44000053
median	35.27999878
Q3	44.20999908
95-th percentile	63.97999954
Maximum	78.36000061
Range	64.4100008
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.76999855

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14.16359889
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3937452934
Kurtosis	-0.2856451052
Mean	35.97147479
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.340000153
Skewness	0.4720055958
Sum	80612.075
Variance	200.6075336
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
38	6	0.3%
36.5	6	0.3%
18	6	0.3%
36.45000076	5	0.2%
34.97000122	5	0.2%
16.61000061	5	0.2%
17.95999908	4	0.2%
43.5	4	0.2%
36	4	0.2%
16.64999962	4	0.2%
Other values (1705)	2192	97.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13.94999981	1	< 0.1%
14.06000042	1	< 0.1%
14.06999969	2	0.1%
14.09000015	1	< 0.1%
14.11999989	1	< 0.1%
14.14999962	1	< 0.1%
14.17000008	1	< 0.1%
14.19999981	1	< 0.1%
14.21000004	1	< 0.1%
14.22000027	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
78.36000061	1	< 0.1%
78.15000153	1	< 0.1%
76.87000275	1	< 0.1%
76.61000061	1	< 0.1%
74.01000214	1	< 0.1%
73.09999847	1	< 0.1%
73.05000305	1	< 0.1%
72.97000122	1	< 0.1%
72.87999725	1	< 0.1%
72.51000214	1	< 0.1%

High
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1833
Distinct (%)	81.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	36.64737637

Minimum	14.22000027
Maximum	80.75
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	14.22000027
5-th percentile	16.51009941
Q1	26.05999947
median	35.97000122
Q3	45.02999878
95-th percentile	65.05000305
Maximum	80.75
Range	66.52999973
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.96999931

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14.41615268
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3933747543
Kurtosis	-0.2791660898
Mean	36.64737637
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.36000061
Skewness	0.4711391613
Sum	82126.77045
Variance	207.825458
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
17.06999969	5	0.2%
42	4	0.2%
17.04999924	4	0.2%
34.99000168	4	0.2%
17.60000038	4	0.2%
41.47999954	4	0.2%
17.14999962	3	0.1%
40.34999847	3	0.1%
17.95000076	3	0.1%
31.72999954	3	0.1%
Other values (1823)	2204	98.3%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.22000027	1	< 0.1%
14.25	1	< 0.1%
14.27999973	1	< 0.1%
14.30500031	1	< 0.1%
14.36999989	1	< 0.1%
14.39999962	2	0.1%
14.43000031	1	< 0.1%
14.44999981	1	< 0.1%
14.46000004	1	< 0.1%
14.47000027	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
80.75	1	< 0.1%
79.08000183	1	< 0.1%
78.73000336	1	< 0.1%
77.09999847	1	< 0.1%
74.95999908	1	< 0.1%
74.83999634	1	< 0.1%
74.73000336	1	< 0.1%
74.5	1	< 0.1%
74.33000183	1	< 0.1%
73.94999695	1	< 0.1%

Low
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1780
Distinct (%)	79.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	35.29535744

Minimum	13.72500038
Maximum	76.05000305
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	13.72500038
5-th percentile	16
Q1	24.70000076
median	34.72999954
Q3	43.38000107
95-th percentile	62.75310135
Maximum	76.05000305
Range	62.32500267
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.68000031

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	13.87487359
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3931076097
Kurtosis	-0.3112718315
Mean	35.29535744
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.11000061
Skewness	0.4651023253
Sum	79096.89601
Variance	192.5121173
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
16.43000031	5	0.2%
16.01000023	5	0.2%
17.46999931	4	0.2%
36.40999985	4	0.2%
28.93000031	4	0.2%
17.52000046	4	0.2%
15.96000004	4	0.2%
28.43000031	4	0.2%
16.45999908	4	0.2%
17.5	4	0.2%
Other values (1770)	2199	98.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
13.72500038	1	< 0.1%
13.89999962	1	< 0.1%
13.90999985	1	< 0.1%
13.92000008	1	< 0.1%
13.97999954	1	< 0.1%
14	3	0.1%
14.03999996	1	< 0.1%
14.05000019	1	< 0.1%
14.06000042	2	0.1%
14.07999992	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
76.05000305	1	< 0.1%
75	1	< 0.1%
73.88999939	1	< 0.1%
73.55999756	1	< 0.1%
71.87999725	1	< 0.1%
71.81349945	1	< 0.1%
71.70999908	1	< 0.1%
70.73000336	1	< 0.1%
70.65869904	1	< 0.1%
70.41999817	1	< 0.1%

Close
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1728
Distinct (%)	77.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	35.95658633

Minimum	14.01000023
Maximum	77.62999725
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	14.01000023
5-th percentile	16.19000053
Q1	25.29000092
median	35.36999893
Q3	44.15000153
95-th percentile	63.83000183
Maximum	77.62999725
Range	63.61999702
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.86000061

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14.13605727
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3931423617
Kurtosis	-0.3010165699
Mean	35.95658633
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.340000153
Skewness	0.4659142626
Sum	80578.70997
Variance	199.8281151
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18.29999924	5	0.2%
18.62999916	5	0.2%
16.90999985	4	0.2%
17.61000061	4	0.2%
38.79000092	4	0.2%
14.39999962	4	0.2%
36.84999847	4	0.2%
16.61000061	4	0.2%
17.09000015	4	0.2%
32.72999954	4	0.2%
Other values (1718)	2199	98.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.01000023	1	< 0.1%
14.02000046	1	< 0.1%
14.02999973	1	< 0.1%
14.07999992	1	< 0.1%
14.10000038	1	< 0.1%
14.11999989	1	< 0.1%
14.14000034	1	< 0.1%
14.14999962	1	< 0.1%
14.19999981	1	< 0.1%
14.28999996	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
77.62999725	1	< 0.1%
77.05999756	1	< 0.1%
74.58999634	1	< 0.1%
73.95999908	1	< 0.1%
73.66999817	1	< 0.1%
73.30999756	1	< 0.1%
73.16999817	1	< 0.1%
72.44999695	1	< 0.1%
72.27999878	1	< 0.1%
72.26000214	1	< 0.1%

Adj Close
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	1728
Distinct (%)	77.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	35.95658633

Minimum	14.01000023
Maximum	77.62999725
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	14.01000023
5-th percentile	16.19000053
Q1	25.29000092
median	35.36999893
Q3	44.15000153
95-th percentile	63.83000183
Maximum	77.62999725
Range	63.61999702
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.86000061

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14.13605727
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3931423617
Kurtosis	-0.3010165699
Mean	35.95658633
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.340000153
Skewness	0.4659142626
Sum	80578.70997
Variance	199.8281151
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
18.29999924	5	0.2%
18.62999916	5	0.2%
16.90999985	4	0.2%
17.61000061	4	0.2%
38.79000092	4	0.2%
14.39999962	4	0.2%
36.84999847	4	0.2%
16.61000061	4	0.2%
17.09000015	4	0.2%
32.72999954	4	0.2%
Other values (1718)	2199	98.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.01000023	1	< 0.1%
14.02000046	1	< 0.1%
14.02999973	1	< 0.1%
14.07999992	1	< 0.1%
14.10000038	1	< 0.1%
14.11999989	1	< 0.1%
14.14000034	1	< 0.1%
14.14999962	1	< 0.1%
14.19999981	1	< 0.1%
14.28999996	2	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
77.62999725	1	< 0.1%
77.05999756	1	< 0.1%
74.58999634	1	< 0.1%
73.95999908	1	< 0.1%
73.66999817	1	< 0.1%
73.30999756	1	< 0.1%
73.16999817	1	< 0.1%
72.44999695	1	< 0.1%
72.27999878	1	< 0.1%
72.26000214	1	< 0.1%

Volume
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2240
Distinct (%)	> 99.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	21800563.62

Minimum	0
Maximum	269213085
Zeros	2
Zeros (%)	0.1%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	7925508
Q1	12416087
median	17009916
Q3	24292612
95-th percentile	49952021
Maximum	269213085
Range	269213085
Interquartile range (IQR)	11876525

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	19033730.19
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.8730843167
Kurtosis	41.90241477
Mean	21800563.62
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	5529517
Skewness	5.140502278
Sum	4.885506307 × 10¹⁰
Variance	3.62282885 × 10¹⁴
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	0.1%
11028953	1	< 0.1%
12170598	1	< 0.1%
22740598	1	< 0.1%
10624448	1	< 0.1%
9693171	1	< 0.1%
15144150	1	< 0.1%
9316396	1	< 0.1%
13714694	1	< 0.1%
14537556	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2230)	2230	99.5%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2	0.1%
3661053	1	< 0.1%
4179967	1	< 0.1%
4290460	1	< 0.1%
4832261	1	< 0.1%
4870258	1	< 0.1%
5061371	1	< 0.1%
5133346	1	< 0.1%
5244403	1	< 0.1%
5329508	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
269213085	1	< 0.1%
258868339	1	< 0.1%
217520098	1	< 0.1%
192269255	1	< 0.1%
176803635	1	< 0.1%
162434360	1	< 0.1%
159034747	1	< 0.1%
153119550	1	< 0.1%
147805710	1	< 0.1%
136345128	1	< 0.1%

S_10
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2223
Distinct (%)	99.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	35.93349798

Minimum	14.23800001
Maximum	73.51499863
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	14.23800001
5-th percentile	16.32999973
Q1	25.53100014
median	35.38999977
Q3	44.01299973
95-th percentile	63.45400085
Maximum	73.51499863
Range	59.27699862
Interquartile range (IQR)	18.48199959

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	14.01391481
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.3899958424
Kurtosis	-0.3425124407
Mean	35.93349798
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	9.057999611
Skewness	0.4464252222
Sum	80526.96897
Variance	196.3898084
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
27.27400017	3	0.1%
40.52999992	2	0.1%
44.6909996	2	0.1%
16.11999989	2	0.1%
18.06000004	2	0.1%
25.73500004	2	0.1%
24.77900009	2	0.1%
41.1079998	2	0.1%
36.65099983	2	0.1%
44.58899994	2	0.1%
Other values (2213)	2220	99.1%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
14.23800001	1	< 0.1%
14.25600004	1	< 0.1%
14.26000004	1	< 0.1%
14.28900003	1	< 0.1%
14.29200001	1	< 0.1%
14.29500008	1	< 0.1%
14.31600008	1	< 0.1%
14.32600002	1	< 0.1%
14.33699999	1	< 0.1%
14.35900002	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
73.51499863	1	< 0.1%
73.48599854	1	< 0.1%
73.3929985	1	< 0.1%
72.94199905	1	< 0.1%
72.84199829	1	< 0.1%
72.30899811	1	< 0.1%
72.09199905	1	< 0.1%
71.60799828	1	< 0.1%
71.40999908	1	< 0.1%
71.04299812	1	< 0.1%

Corr
Real number (ℝ)

UNIQUE

Distinct	2241
Distinct (%)	100.0%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.3655161423

Minimum	-0.9186919345
Maximum	0.9966978801
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	566
Negative (%)	25.3%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-0.9186919345
5-th percentile	-0.5894422128
Q1	-0.006494486879
median	0.5060910778
Q3	0.787934874
95-th percentile	0.9432323624
Maximum	0.9966978801
Range	1.915389815
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.7944293609

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.4968815939
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.359397127
Kurtosis	-0.6520742017
Mean	0.3655161423
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.3378259446
Skewness	-0.6998809454
Sum	819.1216749
Variance	0.2468913183
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.2233558855	1	< 0.1%
0.7719794711	1	< 0.1%
0.7911057647	1	< 0.1%
0.7504843336	1	< 0.1%
0.7226065251	1	< 0.1%
0.7070486682	1	< 0.1%
0.7606569662	1	< 0.1%
0.7998372257	1	< 0.1%
0.9131397229	1	< 0.1%
0.6978746305	1	< 0.1%
Other values (2231)	2231	99.6%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-0.9186919345	1	< 0.1%
-0.9137289725	1	< 0.1%
-0.8913106789	1	< 0.1%
-0.8878171043	1	< 0.1%
-0.8871088039	1	< 0.1%
-0.8851719719	1	< 0.1%
-0.8840206783	1	< 0.1%
-0.8835528351	1	< 0.1%
-0.8776308466	1	< 0.1%
-0.8706527518	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.9966978801	1	< 0.1%
0.9869351814	1	< 0.1%
0.9868525131	1	< 0.1%
0.985879248	1	< 0.1%
0.9854040609	1	< 0.1%
0.9850833	1	< 0.1%
0.9834204232	1	< 0.1%
0.9834040626	1	< 0.1%
0.982303495	1	< 0.1%
0.9783122941	1	< 0.1%

Open-Close
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	623
Distinct (%)	27.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.02039046247

Minimum	-15.36000061
Maximum	8.559997559
Zeros	67
Zeros (%)	3.0%
Negative	954
Negative (%)	42.6%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-15.36000061
5-th percentile	-0.8400001526
Q1	-0.1599998474
median	0.0299987793
Q3	0.2300014496
95-th percentile	0.8950004578
Maximum	8.559997559
Range	23.91999817
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.390001297

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	0.8668237054
Coefficient of variation (CV)	42.51123321
Kurtosis	71.85074499
Mean	0.02039046247
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.1999969482
Skewness	-2.63770438
Sum	45.6950264
Variance	0.7513833363
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	67	3.0%
0.02000045776	33	1.5%
0.09000015259	29	1.3%
-0.01000022888	27	1.2%
0.01000022888	26	1.2%
0.06999969482	24	1.1%
-0.02000045776	23	1.0%
-0.1599998474	23	1.0%
-0.06999969482	22	1.0%
0.1800003052	21	0.9%
Other values (613)	1946	86.8%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-15.36000061	1	< 0.1%
-9.089996338	1	< 0.1%
-7.900001526	1	< 0.1%
-6.970001221	1	< 0.1%
-6.310001373	1	< 0.1%
-5.689998627	1	< 0.1%
-4.959999084	1	< 0.1%
-4.680000305	1	< 0.1%
-4.410001755	1	< 0.1%
-4.38999939	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8.559997559	1	< 0.1%
8.419998169	1	< 0.1%
7.240001678	1	< 0.1%
6.230003357	1	< 0.1%
5.93000412	1	< 0.1%
4.86000061	1	< 0.1%
4.810001373	1	< 0.1%
4.529998779	1	< 0.1%
3.879997253	1	< 0.1%
3.779998779	1	< 0.1%

Open-Open
Real number (ℝ)

HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	936
Distinct (%)	41.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	0.005899152709

Minimum	-16.55000305
Maximum	8.899997711
Zeros	17
Zeros (%)	0.8%
Negative	1073
Negative (%)	47.9%
Memory size	17.6 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	-16.55000305
5-th percentile	-1.920001984
Q1	-0.4599990845
median	0.0299987793
Q3	0.5200004578
95-th percentile	1.800003052
Maximum	8.899997711
Range	25.45000076
Interquartile range (IQR)	0.9799995422

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	1.355142258
Coefficient of variation (CV)	229.7181181
Kurtosis	21.60342578
Mean	0.005899152709
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0.4900016785
Skewness	-1.379261603
Sum	13.22000122
Variance	1.83641054
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	17	0.8%
0.06999969482	15	0.7%
0.4500007629	15	0.7%
-0.4099998474	14	0.6%
-0.2000007629	13	0.6%
0.1800003052	13	0.6%
-0.09000015259	13	0.6%
0.4300003052	13	0.6%
0.5699996948	12	0.5%
-0.02000045776	12	0.5%
Other values (926)	2104	93.9%

Minimum 10 values
Maximum 10 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
-16.55000305	1	< 0.1%
-11.95000076	1	< 0.1%
-11.01000214	1	< 0.1%
-9.829998016	1	< 0.1%
-8.959999084	1	< 0.1%
-7.770000458	1	< 0.1%
-7.420001984	1	< 0.1%
-7.130001068	1	< 0.1%
-6.370002747	1	< 0.1%
-5.619998932	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
8.899997711	1	< 0.1%
8.709999084	1	< 0.1%
8.320001602	1	< 0.1%
7.449996948	1	< 0.1%
7.160003662	1	< 0.1%
6.540000916	1	< 0.1%
6.489997864	1	< 0.1%
5.979999542	1	< 0.1%
5.240001678	1	< 0.1%
5.050003052	1	< 0.1%

Auto

The auto setting is an easily interpretable pairwise column metric of the following mapping: vartype-vartype : method, categorical-categorical : Cramer's V, numerical-categorical : Cramer's V (using a discretized numerical column), numerical-numerical : Spearman's ρ. This configuration uses the best suitable for each pair of columns.

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	Date	Open	High	Low	Close	Adj Close	Volume	S_10	Corr	Open-Close	Open-Open
0	2013-12-04	41.270000	43.919998	41.270000	43.689999	43.689999	11028953	41.166	-0.223356	-0.099998	0.580002
1	2013-12-05	43.450001	46.349998	42.830002	45.619999	45.619999	11813520	41.623	-0.143194	-0.239998	2.180000
2	2013-12-06	45.750000	45.799999	44.540001	44.950001	44.950001	6236232	41.912	-0.041433	0.130001	2.299999
3	2013-12-09	45.590000	49.840000	45.020000	49.139999	49.139999	17366614	42.726	0.570999	0.639999	-0.160000
4	2013-12-10	48.900002	52.580002	48.700001	51.990002	51.990002	25792002	44.019	0.881595	-0.239998	3.310001
5	2013-12-11	52.400002	53.869999	51.000000	52.340000	52.340000	26631535	45.235	0.927508	0.410000	3.500000
6	2013-12-12	52.200001	55.869999	50.689999	55.330002	55.330002	23446870	46.678	0.956154	-0.139999	-0.200001
7	2013-12-13	56.200001	59.410000	55.450001	59.000000	59.000000	38979567	48.421	0.971490	0.869999	4.000000
8	2013-12-16	57.860001	60.240002	55.759998	56.610001	56.610001	39310848	50.004	0.943232	-1.139999	1.660000
9	2013-12-17	56.970001	57.380001	54.619999	56.450001	56.450001	22115199	51.512	0.912175	0.360001	-0.889999

Last rows

	Date	Open	High	Low	Close	Adj Close	Volume	S_10	Corr	Open-Close	Open-Open
2231	2022-10-14	50.490002	50.865002	50.299999	50.450001	50.450001	10075908	49.557	0.428176	0.150002	0.690002
2232	2022-10-17	50.500000	50.900002	50.200001	50.740002	50.740002	14101270	50.377	-0.256470	0.049999	0.009998
2233	2022-10-18	51.099998	52.099998	50.849998	51.779999	51.779999	18533907	50.355	0.409549	0.359997	0.599998
2234	2022-10-19	51.799999	52.160000	51.259998	51.830002	51.830002	10057928	50.408	0.856674	0.020000	0.700001
2235	2022-10-20	52.200001	52.700001	51.599998	52.439999	52.439999	25461019	50.713	0.842115	0.369999	0.400002
2236	2022-10-21	50.000000	50.750000	49.549999	49.889999	49.889999	51209029	50.784	0.557250	-2.439999	-2.200001
2237	2022-10-24	50.709999	51.860001	50.520000	51.520000	51.520000	22987553	50.900	0.623356	0.820000	0.709999
2238	2022-10-25	52.415001	53.180000	52.200001	52.779999	52.779999	35077848	51.171	0.657834	0.895000	1.705002
2239	2022-10-26	52.950001	53.500000	52.770000	53.349998	53.349998	28064973	51.512	0.681979	0.170002	0.535000
2240	2022-10-27	53.910000	54.000000	53.700001	53.700001	53.700001	136345128	51.848	0.757357	0.560001	0.959999

Overview

Variables

Interactions

Correlations

Auto

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows